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Monkeys From The Old World by Dan Freeman [part 1 of 9]
The second group of monkeys, those of the Old World, were very successful. They spread out through the great forests of Europe, Africa and Asia and were so adaptable that some of them were able to live on in areas from which the forests were shrinking. The dry and cold period of about 35 million years ago, which forced this reduction of the forests, created in their place many different sorts of habitat. In adapting to such places, the baboons and the macaques were forced to return to the ground. Thus, they largely relinquished the safety of the trees and as a result they developed powerful means of self-defence to keep hungry, terrestrial predators at bay. So, they became large and ferocious, roaming farther and wider as the forests, taking the majority of primates with them, retreated to the equatorial regions that they occupy today.
The Old World monkeys were stronger, bigger and far more adaptable than those from the New World and these characteristics may be significant in their being the forebears of the apes and eventually of Man. Fossil remains indicate how extensively they were once distributed across Europe and Asia and even today they occupy an incredibly large and varied area, extending through the African continent (except most of the Sahara Desert); from Gibraltar across to the Himalayas, South-East Asia and even to the snow bound regions of northern Japan.
The Old World monkeys are diurnal and are divided into two distinct groups. There are the guenons, the mangabeys, the baboons and the macaques all of which are predominantly omnivorous. They eat fruit, leaves and other parts of plants, but will readily supplement these with insects, small birds, mammals and lizards if they can catch them. All these monkeys spend some time on the ground and they possess special cheek pouches in which they store food as they are feeding - guaranteeing a useful reserve of food should they be put to flight unexpectedly.
The second group, consisting of the colobus monkeys and the langurs, are leaf-eaters. Such foodstuff, however, needs a lot of digesting for it consists mostly of cellulose which is hard to break down. But these monkeys have developed a stomach system similar to that of the cow to help them to digest as much as possible. They do not have cheek pouches, probably because they are predominantly arboreal, and leaves are abundant wherever they live. They are also subjected to fewer predators.
Characteristics of Old World monkeys are that they have nostrils which are close together, facing downwards and outwards, and their thumbs are fully opposable, although that of the colobus monkey is greatly reduced. Their tails are not prehensile and they have hard pads - known scientifically as ischial callosities - on their bottoms to act as cushions when they rest on branches or on the ground.
Among the cheek-pouch group, the guenons contain more species than any other Old World monkey genus. They are found only in Africa - south of the Sahara and north of the South African veldt land. The word 'guenon' is derived from the French language and implies 'fright' - a direct reference to the creature's habit of grimacing and exposing its teeth when it is excited or angry. Their displays also involve the use of the bright markings on their faces and bodies. These monkeys are active by day, especially in the morning and evening when the heat of the sun is not too intense. Brad and Trouble
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Monkeys From The Old World by Dan Freeman [part 2 of 9]
The common social organization among Old World monkeys is a stable group containing several males and females, but there are three unrelated species which deviate from this plan. They are the Patas Monkey, the Gelada Baboon and the Hamadryas Baboon. All three live in open grasslands and woodlands where trees are scantily spaced or are too small to afford them protection against predators. Their social groups consist of one dominant male and several dependant females. Competition between males for this privileged status has led to them becoming almost twice the size of their females. They are large and powerful creatures and they have also developed, especially noticeable in the two species of baboons, mantles of flowing hair, powerful shoulders and enormous jaws equipped with ferocious-looking teeth. Such assets also serve to keep predators at bay, for an angered male is indeed a formidable sight.
The Patas Monkey is found in the savannah of northern equatorial Africa from Senegal to Kenya. It is not as well armed as the baboons and is more adapted for rapid flight than for staunch resistance. Groups consist of up to fifteen, headed by a dominant male who maintains group contact by crashing through undergrowth and flashing his conspicuous white bottom to the females who may have strayed some distance away from him while they are feeding. The group may have a range extending over some 52 km2 (20 sq mls) and the amount of it that they cover in a day depends solely on the amount of food they can find. During the heat of the day they rest in a group beneath the shade of a tree but at night time they sleep individually in separate trees - almost certainly an anti-predator device for a prowling leopard stands far less chance of catching them this way. They also change their sleeping sites each night.
Baboons are perhaps the best adapted of all the monkeys to a terrestrial life. They have adapted to habitats ranging from rainforest to semi-deserts; the West African forest species include the Mandrill, the Drill and the Guinea Bab6on; the savannah species include the Chacma Baboon in southern Africa, the Yellow Baboon in the centre of the continent and the Olive Baboon in eastern Africa. These species may range far into open grasslands by day, returning to the safety of trees or protected cliffs at night. The Hamadryas Baboon is a semi-desert inhabitant of north-eastern Africa.
Baboons are mostly promiscuous, with one young being born to a female after a pregnancy of six or seven months. Two exceptions to this are the Hamadryas and the Gelada Baboons both of which live in a harem system similar to that of the Patas Monkey. A noticeable feature of baboon life is grooming - either of themselves or of each other. Such activity helps to stabilize social groups with subordinate animals mostly grooming their superiors. The animal receiving such attention gives the impression of enjoying a state of ecstasy as it lies back, half closes its eyes and allows itself to be pulled and pushed around. Brad and Trouble
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Monkeys From The Old World by Dan Freeman [part 3 of 9]
Somewhat smaller than the baboons are the macaques which are the only African monkeys to be found north of the Sahara. They haunt the rugged Atlas Mountains of north-western Africa but also extend their range eastwards through Asia from Mghanistan to Japan. A small but rather famous colony of these monkeys still lives on the Rock of Gibraltar where it is fed by the British army. Legend has it that should the Rock lose its macaques then the British will lose Gibraltar. Consequently, they are well looked after and Winston Churchill even ordered their numbers to be augmented from a North African population during the Second World War when they were on the decline. Today there are about 30 left and they are often called Barbary Apes because of their lack of a tail. They are, however, the only monkeys to live wild in Europe. Macaques live in troops of up to 24 individuals of both sexes and of all ages, although occasionally separate troops may join forces to form temporary groups of more than 100 animals. Like the baboons, they are strong and will offer stout resistance to potential predators. Macaques from Sulawesi (formerly Celebes), an island in Indonesia, have been known to kill wild dogs singlehanded.
A typical and well known species of macaque is the Rhesus Monkey. Hindus and Buddhists hold it as sacred, protecting and feeding it until it has become fearless - often to the extent of misbehaving itself. But its antics are tolerated by people who believe these monkeys to be reincarnations of their own ancestors. Because Old World monkeys are biologically similar to Man, they are used extensively in medical and psychological research, and perhaps the most important discovery from the Rhesus Monkey has been of the Rh (rhesus) factor. This is a genetically determined protein in the blood and, in some circnmstances, it can prove fatal to unborn and newly-born human infants. Its discovery has led to a cure being found and many human lives have been saved as a result of this. Finally, in this group of Old World monkeys, are the mangabeys. They are quite small and are confined to the equatorial regions of Africa, including Guinea, Liberia, Uganda and Kenya. Very little is known about these monkeys in the wild although they share the common feature of having distinctive white eyelids which, when flickered, act as a means ofvisual communication between members of the same species.
The second group of Old World monkeys, the leaf-eaters, are easily divided into two geographical groups. They are the colobus monkeys from Africa and the langurs from Asia. The colobus monkeys, or guerezas as they are sometimes called, have long hairs on the sides of their bodies and tails which increase wind resistance and act as parachutes during their prodigious and spectacular leaps from tree to tree. They have reduced thumbs and long fingers which act as highly efficient hooks as they make their way through the trees. The state of their thumb has led to their particular name, for the Greek word kolobus means mutilated one which is the appearance that their virtually four-digited hand gives. They live in social groups of about twenty and although a strict hierarchy does not exist, a strong male will cover the retreat of the group in times of danger. Brad and Trouble
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Monkeys From The Old World by Dan Freeman [part 4 of 9]
The langurs of Asia are much less arboreal than the col6buses and, like them, show certain adaptations for brachiation - the art of moving through the trees, swinging from branch to branch with the arms. They also have a reduced thumb and a long tail which they use for balance.
While the breeding behaviour of colobuses is not well known, female langurs give birth to a single young after a pregnancy of seven months but, surprisingly, the mother adopts a rather carefree attitude towards her child. Occasionally, a jealous female will steal the infant but the deprived female puts up little resistance to this act, even if the female is from another group.
Perhaps the most extraordinary member of this leaf-eating group is the Proboscis Monkey which lives in mangrove swamps along rivers on the South-East Asian island of Borneo. The males have an enormously conspicuous nose which is probably associated with displays. It may hang down right over the mouth and can swell and turn red when the monkey is enraged or excited.
The wide-stretched mouth of a Hamadryas Baboon is not as it might seem, a yawn, but a fully alert threat display. This is the typical gesture of one male to another in conflicts over dominance, and it is one that all youngsters must learn to respect if the harmony of the social group is to be maintained. The Hamadryas is similar in most respects of its behaviour to its Ethiopian neighbour, the Gelada, but it extends its range to Arabia, Egypt and the Sudan. Revered and often mummified by the ancient Egyptians, the Hamadryas figures prominently on many temple carvings. Its main predator today is the leopard and although adults will bark and scream at such an intruder, they are soon quelled if one of them falls prey to this animal.
Exploring the secrets of a Hindu temple in Katmandu, Nepal, Rhesus Monkeys enjoy freedom wherever Hindus worship Hanuman the monkey-god of healing and. worship. Thus, they may be found in the busiest of cities as well as the wildest of jungles. In the Western world the Rhesus Monkey is found extensively in circuses and zoos for it is very hardy and thrives in captivity. Youngsters are ideal as household pets but there is a tendency for them to become bad tempered and aggressive as they grow older. Apart from its notable contribution to medical research, this was the first monkey to be successfully launched into space.
A young Gelada Baboon clings tightly to the fur on its mother's back as she forages for grass and feeds with other females in the rocky ravine of an Ethiopian mountain range. Very little is known about the breeding behaviour of these formidable, ground-dwelling primates, although it must be essentially similar to that of other baboons. Geladas spend nearly all of their lives on the ground and take to the trees only very rarely. They have few predators, although eagles will occasionally make off with a youngster who has strayed from the protection of its mother.
Facing the harsh realities of life in a cold climate, this family of japanese Macaques, or Snow Monkeys as they are appropriately called, huddle together on a branch to keep warm. The Japanese Macaque is the most northerly-living monkey in the world and it is clearly well adapted to the cold climate by having a very thick, pale coloured coat. The snow may be 0.3 m (12 in) deep but they will wade through it in single ifie taking turns to lead the way. In some places they have taken to warming up in hot springs, and it must be an amusing sight to see them sitting in a row with their heads still covered in a layer of snow. The normal summer diet of these monkeys is succulent green vegetable matter, but when the winter snows descend they have to resort to feeding on seeds and pieces of bark taken from trees when they can find nothing else. Brad and Trouble
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Monkeys From The Old World by Dan Freeman [part 5 of 9]
Picture a Japanese Macaque during the summer with her surrounded by an ample supply of vegetation to feed on, and lazily grooming her recently-born youngster. This is a stark contrast to the winter scene of freezing temperatures and hazardous survival. Mutual grooming in all animals is important for it not only rids them of external parasites but also helps in the formation and maintenance of friendly bonds. This devoted mother will search over most of her youngster's body, looking closely at the skin and hairs. Females do most of the grooming in the group, while the adult males relax and wait to be sought out by their subordinates.
A young Japanese Macaque has large and quite powerful feet to enable it to climb even though it is only a year old. Born after a five to seven month pregnancy, to coincide with the melting of the harsh winter snows and the emergence of a plentiful food supply, this youngster was dependent upon its mother for at least twelve months until, the following spring, it took its first tentative steps away from her side. It may look rather helpless, but it will soon grow accustomed to its new-found freedom and begin to enjoy carefree days of exploration and tolerance by all in the group. But as the days go by it must be taught respect for its elders who will prepare it for later life by being less kindly disposed towards its youthlul spirits.
High up in the forests of Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon), a family party of Rhesus Monkeys engages itself lazily in mutual grooming. These monkeys rarely travel on their own, preferring the safety of up to twenty individuals, and they are equally at home in the trees and on the ground. In any group there is one dominant male whose confidence is conveyed to any potentially rival males in the way he moves around. His head is held high, his short tail carried dominantly erect and there is an atmosphere of supreme authority about every step he takes. The females produce one young after a pregnancy of between five and seven months at irregular times during the year, although the months of April and May seem to be the preferred time for birth. The offspring is hairless and weak, is nursed for at least a year and is not fully mature until it is about four years old, indicating that the Rhesus Monkey lives for perhaps as long as 30 years.
The very young Grab-eating Macaque, clinging tenaciously to its mother in a Hindu temple on the Indonesian island of Bali, is covered in dark hair which is quite different from the lighter grey-brown of the adult. The natives of Bali revere this monkey in the same way as the Indians revere the Hanuman Langur in India. They still perform elaborate ceremonial dances and even prepare offerings of food which are placed in the forests where the macaques will stand a good chance of finding them. Their natural diet includes crabs and other small animals, and they regularly go down onto mud flats at the ebb tide and wade around in shallow waters to hunt. They can also swim very well and will readily dive into deeper water after their prey. Like its relative the Rhesus Monkey, the Crab-eating Macaque has been used extensively in medical research and to it we owe the development of the polio vaccine. Brad and Trouble
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Monkeys From The Old World by Dan Freeman [part 6 of 9]
Found only in the rocky mountains of Ethiopia above 1800 m (5905 ft), the male Gelada Baboon carries on its chest an intricate arrangement of pink, bare flesh and grey fur which combine in both sexual and threat displays. Females also possess a similar patch but they are themselves much smaller than the males and less densely furred. Geladas feed on roots, leaves, fruit and small animals and when food is plentiful they will readily associate in very large groups, although when food is scarce they split up into smaller groups dominated by one male. Their warning cries are harsh barks and, at the sound of these, surrounding Geladas scamper uphill to the safety of caves and piles of protective rocks. If a predator pursues them too far they will resort to the trick of rolling rocks and stones downhill to discourage it.
The wise old man of the guenons, a De Brazza's Guenon is the most elaborately marked of his closest relatives. Unlike many other monkeys, he makes very little use of facial expressions, relying entirely upon his ornate face colourings to convey his intentions to rival males and to potential mates. Guenons live in forests and savannahs throughout Africa south of the Sahara. The forest species, of which this is one, exhibit the most elaborate combinations of colour to make species identification a much easier task among the dimly lit trees. A typical guenon party consists of one adult male, perhaps three adult females and as many as seven youngsters of various ages. The adult male will not tolerate the presence of another male in his group, so the maturing males over whom he presides have to become cautious as they approach the age at which he might consider their presence a threat to his status.
The curious nose of an adult male Proboscis Monkey is by far the largest among all the primates and probably acts as an effective sound-booster when he calls out in a Bornean mangrove swamp. No doubt such a nose is also the result of selective pressure of breeding. Females, tending to be attracted to a male by the size of its nose, would produce equally well-adorned male offspring (the female nose is much smaller). These males would then compete among themselves for females and those with the largest noses would win out once more. Thus, after many generations their noses have become almost preposterously large but highly relevant to their daily lives. The Proboscis Monkey lives along river banks and estuaries on this single East Indies island, and feeds primarily on leaves and young mangrove shoots. Consistent with such a water-bound existence, these monkeys are excellent swimmers and will dive quite readily into the water.
A baby Olive Baboon, clinging to its mother at an East African waterhole while an adult male relieves its thirst, is actually the centre of attention within the troop. Other baboons, especially females, like to groom it and its mother is often given a special status. Olive Baboons seem to enjoy a friendly and relaxed social structure, and the male hierarchy is not noticeably present although it certainly exists. This species sleeps in trees during the night when its only real predator is the leopard. Should such an animal be confronted by a troop during the day, it will soon learn that it is no match for several large males who defend their troop with incredible bravery. When the troop is on the move, young males walk at the edge and the older males accompany the females towards the centre. Should they all be threatened with danger, the mature males come forward to face the enemy while the remainder of the troop moves off. Brad and Trouble
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Monkeys From The Old World by Dan Freeman [part 7 of 9]
Experts in ground-dweling life, Olive Baboons rest in the comparative safety of a bare-branched tree in East Africa. Baboons feed on almost anything they can find. So powerful have they become to combat the ground-dwelling predators which abound in Africa, that they are sufficiently fearless to attack even human beings. They will frequently attack domesticated animals and are among the great scourges of the tourist in Africa, jumping up on to vehicles and pulling eagerly at windscreen wipers.
Held close within the safety of its mother's protective arms, a baby Chacma Baboon stands a far better chance of asserting itself over other baboons later on in life than does a youngster born to a less attentive female. From its mother it will learn much of the discipline and devotion vital to the successfiil social role it must play when it finally leaves her protection. Baboons have a well-defined social structure and even a large, scattered group feeding out in the open has sentinels posted around to keep a look out for predators. On the African savannahs predators are numerous and the baboons have themselves become fearsome primates to combat this threat. Their main danger is possibly the leopard which will attempt to catch them in trees where they sleep at night.
The Lion-tailed Macaque, looking like its carnivorous African namesake in its stance and pale face ruff, is a shy inhabitant of the dense forests of the west coast of southern India. This is essentially an arboreal monkey which moves through the trees in groups of between ten and twenty individuals. Usually a dominant male moves cautiously through the canopy some distance ahead of the main group. They feed on fruit, nuts, leaves and insects and often descend to the ground to play among themselves or to splash in water.
The Abyssinian, or Black and White, Colobus Monkey is probably the most arboreal of all of Africa's monkeys for it descends to the ground only rarely to lick earth for its vital mineral salt content. This operation does not take long and the rest of the time is spent feeding in forest or thick woodlands where it is found up to about 3000 m (9850 ft). Colobus monkeys gather in loose associations of up to twenty individuals and although there is no strict rank system, males tend to be the protective sex in times of danger. Their escape through the treetops is rapid and is effected by the lack of a thumb, elongated hooklike fingers and prodigious leaps from tree to tree. Even though they are very distinctly marked, they are very difficult to observe from ground level for their shape is broken up against the harsh light of the bright sky behind them.
Using a block of porous lava as a seat, a Vervet Monkey pauses to chew on a small grass-root it has pulled up in Tsavo West National Park in Kenya, East Africa. Predominantly a primate of woodlands and grasslands, the Vervet Monkey rarely strays far from water and, where food is plentiful, may forage in widely spaced out groups of up to 50 individuals. When alarmed, they utter short bark-like calls and scamper off on all fours with their tails held high over their backs. Their inquisitive nature does not allow them to go very far without turning round and sitting up on their haunches to inspect the intruder who has put them to ffight. Should they feel too closely threatened, they will readily take to the nearest tree and even draw leafy branches around themselves to gain added protection. Brad and Trouble
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Monkeys From The Old World by Dan Freeman [part 7 of 9]
Experts in ground-dweling life, Olive Baboons rest in the comparative safety of a bare-branched tree in East Africa. Baboons feed on almost anything they can find. So powerful have they become to combat the ground-dwelling predators which abound in Africa, that they are sufficiently fearless to attack even human beings. They will frequently attack domesticated animals and are among the great scourges of the tourist in Africa, jumping up on to vehicles and pulling eagerly at windscreen wipers.
Held close within the safety of its mother's protective arms, a baby Chacma Baboon stands a far better chance of asserting itself over other baboons later on in life than does a youngster born to a less attentive female. From its mother it will learn much of the discipline and devotion vital to the successfiil social role it must play when it finally leaves her protection. Baboons have a well-defined social structure and even a large, scattered group feeding out in the open has sentinels posted around to keep a look out for predators. On the African savannahs predators are numerous and the baboons have themselves become fearsome primates to combat this threat. Their main danger is possibly the leopard which will attempt to catch them in trees where they sleep at night.
The Lion-tailed Macaque, looking like its carnivorous African namesake in its stance and pale face ruff, is a shy inhabitant of the dense forests of the west coast of southern India. This is essentially an arboreal monkey which moves through the trees in groups of between ten and twenty individuals. Usually a dominant male moves cautiously through the canopy some distance ahead of the main group. They feed on fruit, nuts, leaves and insects and often descend to the ground to play among themselves or to splash in water.
The Abyssinian, or Black and White, Colobus Monkey is probably the most arboreal of all of Africa's monkeys for it descends to the ground only rarely to lick earth for its vital mineral salt content. This operation does not take long and the rest of the time is spent feeding in forest or thick woodlands where it is found up to about 3000 m (9850 ft). Colobus monkeys gather in loose associations of up to twenty individuals and although there is no strict rank system, males tend to be the protective sex in times of danger. Their escape through the treetops is rapid and is effected by the lack of a thumb, elongated hooklike fingers and prodigious leaps from tree to tree. Even though they are very distinctly marked, they are very difficult to observe from ground level for their shape is broken up against the harsh light of the bright sky behind them.
Using a block of porous lava as a seat, a Vervet Monkey pauses to chew on a small grass-root it has pulled up in Tsavo West National Park in Kenya, East Africa. Predominantly a primate of woodlands and grasslands, the Vervet Monkey rarely strays far from water and, where food is plentiful, may forage in widely spaced out groups of up to 50 individuals. When alarmed, they utter short bark-like calls and scamper off on all fours with their tails held high over their backs. Their inquisitive nature does not allow them to go very far without turning round and sitting up on their haunches to inspect the intruder who has put them to ffight. Should they feel too closely threatened, they will readily take to the nearest tree and even draw leafy branches around themselves to gain added protection. Brad and Trouble
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Monkeys From The Old World by Dan Freeman [part 8 of 9]
A young DeBrazza's Guenon, just able to support itself away from its mother, shows. the wispy beginnings of the beard that will grow to characterize it later on in life. Twins may be born after the usual pregnancy of about seven months. The newborn young cling to their mother's fur and even entwine their tails with hers to give them added security as she moves around in the trees. When they finally leave her side, they play among themselves in the trees, but always under the close watch of the old dominant male who keeps an eye open for such predators as leopards, snakes and birds of prey.
A fleet-footed Patas Monkey resting in Uganda, East Africa, is unique among the guenons for it has forsaken completely the safety of the trees. Its limbs have become long, slender and ideally suited for a speedy escape in times of danger. One individual has been recorded as travelling, on all fours, at 56 km/h (35 mph) alongside a car. Although the males have intricate displays by which they maintain group unity over quite large areas, such displays are also modified to announce the arrival of such predators as hyenas. A male will act as sentinel to a feeding party, either standing up on his hindlegs to peer over tall grass, or climbing into a tree to command a better view. When he senses danger he crouches down in the grass and utters a soft but penetrating call and when the others have taken note and crouched themselves, he begins a diversionary display to draw the predator's attention away from vulnerable females and youngsters. By moving off in the opposite direction the male lures the predator away and only when it has gone a safe distance will he return to his troop.
The Capped Langur of Assam, Burma and Yunnan lives mainly in the dense rainforests of the Naga Hills and is a typical langur. It rarely comes to the ground and has the classic characteristics of a brachiator - a reduced thumb and long fingers and arms which are strong enough to support it as it swings from branch to branch. Langurs all have eyebrows of stout black hairs, but this species also has a peak of hair on the crown and white tufts covering its ears. These give it a rather striking appearance. Langurs live in groups of upto 40 individuals led by an adult male and they search for vegetable food during the day, probably resting during the heat of the day and returning to their sleeping trees as the dark of night closes in on them.
The Hanuman, or Common, Langur shows the black, bristly eyebrows which are a feature common to all langurs. Like the Rhesus Monkey, these langurs are held as sacred animals in India and are found almost everywhere - from high evergreen forests to temple buildings in arid areas. This is the most terrestrial of all the langurs and also the largest - a fully grown male weighing up to 11 kg (24 lb). They live in two types of group, males and females together in which only one adult male is likely to preside over females and immature males, and just males on their own. They breed throughout the year and parental care is of the highest level of conscientiousness. When they are six months old, the young leave their mother's side and sub-adult males are expelled from the group by the dominant male when they are about nine months old. Brad and Trouble
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Monkeys From The Old World by Dan Freeman [part 9 of 9]
Seeing a Golden Langur will clearly shows how langurs got their name. It comes from a Hindustani word Lungoor which means long-tailed and is highly appropriate for this monkey. The tail is not prehensile and is used primarily as a balancing agent for running along branches high off the ground. It probably gives added stability when jumping from tree to tree. Being almost exclusively arboreal like all langurs except the Hanuman Langur, the Golden Langur has a long, slender body with equally slender limbs. With such effectiveness does it live high in the treetops that it was not 'officially' discovered until as late as 1953 although its existence has been known since early this century. It is an interesting monkey for it undergoes seasonal changes of colour: during the hot summer months it is creamy white, but as the winter sets in it becomes much darker and seems to be covered in a golden wash.
Not much larger than a squirrel, the hand-held Talapoin Monkey is among the smallest of the Old World monkeys. Little is known about its behaviour in the wild except that it frequents thick forests in the Congo basin, extending eastwards to the Ruwenzori Mountains - the fabled Mountains of the Moon - on the Ugandan border. In such a place the Talapoin Monkey may range to an altitude of 2500 m (8200 ft). It is nearly always seen in close association with water and it likes to travel through the trees lining the banks of rivers and streams. Talapoins feed on fruits, leaves and insects and have even been recorded entering the normally hostile world of a native village in search of the abundantly grown maize. When alarmed they will produce a series of short, hissing notes. Brad and Trouble
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Add things on proboscis monkeys. Your page is to long no one will read it. Where do you get all this info from anyway?
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Add things on proboscis monkeys. Your page is to long no one will read it. Where do you get all this info from anyway?
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please post or send me more info on the java macaque
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Anyone know a good source for macaca ideograms fro the chromosome karyotype?

If so let me know ASAP cpharris@tccc.org.edu

And a preliminary thanks
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looking for info on talapoin monkeys please respond
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kyle is cool
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i am the bigshot
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Do you know anything on Hnuman Langurs?
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i need information on th black and white colobus monkey please respond
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Hello,
I'm looking for some information on the old world "MacaQue"
could you please send something on them to me I would love to buy one and need to know how to get started like on how big of a room I need for the U.S.D.A inspection and where to get my Wild Animal License application packet at? Thanks From Georgia Adriana
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Hello,
I'm looking for some information on the old world "MacaQue"
could you please send something on them to me I would love to buy one and need to know how to get started like on how big of a room I need for the U.S.D.A inspection and where to get my Wild Animal License application packet at? Thanks From Georgia Adriana
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